Answer: Bridgett Wallace, PT, DPT: “So the bow and lean are what we call differential tests. They’re not the test to say you have horizontal canal, that’s the roll test. But sometimes people are like, which ear is it? I can’t tell which side the nystagmus is stronger. These are differentials. So the bow and […]

Answer: “Does a convergence insufficiency affect someone’s progress in VRT? Absolutely. So what ends up happening is that, as I talked about before, we have two concepts that are probably behind NPC. So NPC is very much a spatial type of problem. So if we don’t know where we are in space, if we’re using […]

Answer: “So the tests that we referred to today is the one where you have your thumbs out and you’re swinging back and forth. And typically with that test, you’re looking for motion sensitivity. With the other version of the test, what I’ll do is I’ll hold the patient’s head. I don’t know if you […]

Answer: “You can. So what I usually will tell a patient, kids, I’m like, if you wake up and your headache is a zero and at the end of the day, having done your exercises, school, and whatever your headache is a three, if it resets by the next morning, if you wake up and […]

Answer: “I don’t do saccadic or pursuit training initially by itself. I keep everything, in the beginning, 18 inches and out. What happens is, at 18 inches and in, you begin to stimulate convergence. If you stimulate convergence, that can change how that system works. So, you want to keep that periphery open, whether you’re […]

Answer: Shelly Massingale, PT, MPT: “You had mentioned you didn’t get to see Dr. Padula’s lecture, but it was so good. And he really talked a lot about just focal binding, where we need to move out into the periphery more and not be so centrally fixated with our therapy, really. So this question is, […]

Answer: “Certainly, you have two aspects of the visual process, as we discussed. The focal process wants to literally lock onto detail, and it says balance from the spatial process, which was developmentally the first process that was established in the hierarchy of our development. It’s this balance that constantly causes us not to jam […]

Answer: Amy Alexander, PT: “Because athletes start with such high level of balance, usually above general population studies, they have to be really impaired to show up on a static test. Now on the COBALT test, 100% of healthy athletes can do the test, and they do it with a very low error rate. We […]

Answer: “Box breathing is a sympathetic de-stimulation exercise. And so, basically, we have a sheet of paper and we also have an app that can be on a computer screen that forms a box. So they’ll breathe in for four seconds on this part of the box, hold their breath for four seconds, breathe out […]